Awarded to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene." Graphene is a form of carbon that has interesting and exciting properties-- it forms a strong, flat lattice structure, one molecule thick, that is almost transparent, can conduct electricity and heat, is stretchable yet is very dense. Geim and Novoselov were able to extract graphene from simple graphite, the form of carbon found in pencils.